I won't even attempt to help you troubleshoot the problem as I'm not that familiar with Windows 10. I will, however, try to point you in the right direction for answering your query.
Go to the Google Chrome Help Forum and read the responses on the subject.
Quote: 3. Have Chrome icon, but unable to run Chrome / Chrome does nothing
Chrome may not start at all or show nothing after upgrading to Windows 10 from Win7 or Win8, due to Microsoft's installer automatically setting
Chrome's execution Compatibility Mode for Windows 7 or Windows 8 compatibility.
To workaround try the following:
Right-click on the Chrome Icon > Properties > Compatibility
Clear/remove any check-mark for "Run this program in compatibility mode" Quote
Go to the Google Chrome Help Forum and read the responses on the subject.
Quote: 3. Have Chrome icon, but unable to run Chrome / Chrome does nothing
Chrome may not start at all or show nothing after upgrading to Windows 10 from Win7 or Win8, due to Microsoft's installer automatically setting
Chrome's execution Compatibility Mode for Windows 7 or Windows 8 compatibility.
To workaround try the following:
Right-click on the Chrome Icon > Properties > Compatibility
Clear/remove any check-mark for "Run this program in compatibility mode" Quote